What 5,394 Job Advertisements Reveal About Pakistan’s Job Market
We analyzed 5,394 unique job advertisements to uncover major trends in Pakistan’s employment market. Discover which cities offered the most opportunities, which industries were hiring, what skills employers demanded and how accessible the job market was for fresh graduates.
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What 5,394 Job Advertisements Reveal About Pakistan’s Job Market
Discussions about Pakistan’s job market are often driven by personal experiences. One graduate may apply to dozens of positions without receiving a response, while another may find an opportunity within weeks. Employers frequently say they cannot find suitable candidates, while jobseekers argue that companies ask for unrealistic experience and qualifications.
Both experiences may be valid, but individual stories do not always show the complete picture.
To better understand what employers were actually advertising, Pakistan Jobs Market conducted a detailed analysis of thousands of online job advertisements published across Pakistan between December 2019 and March 2021.
The complete analysis, including the methodology, visualizations and supporting code, is publicly available in our Pakistan Jobs Market Analysis 2019–21 on Kaggle.
The original dataset contained 6,680 job records. After cleaning the information and removing advertisements that appeared to be repeated postings for the same position, company, city and date, the analysis examined 5,394 unique job advertisements.
Although this is a historical dataset and should not be treated as a description of Pakistan’s job market today, it provides valuable insight into how employment opportunities were distributed, which career areas were hiring, what experience employers expected and which skills appeared most frequently in job descriptions.
Hiring Activity Fell During Early 2020, Then Recovered
The monthly trend in job advertisements tells an important story.
Online hiring activity was relatively strong at the beginning of 2020, with 453 unique advertisements appearing in February. The number then declined to 314 in March, 235 in April and 214 in May.
This decline occurred during the period when COVID-19 restrictions and economic uncertainty were disrupting businesses across Pakistan. The dataset alone cannot prove that the pandemic caused the reduction, but the timing is consistent with the wider uncertainty businesses experienced during that period.
The decline, however, was not permanent. Job advertisements began increasing again during the second half of 2020. There were 421 postings in September, followed by another strong period at the beginning of 2021. The dataset recorded 481 unique advertisements in January 2021 and 498 in February, the highest complete-month figure in the cleaned data. This pattern suggests that Pakistan’s online employment market demonstrated a degree of resilience. Companies may have delayed recruitment during the most uncertain months rather than permanently abandoning their hiring plans.
Online job advertisements declined during the early months of the pandemic before recovering toward the end of 2020 and beginning of 2021.
There are two lessons here for jobseekers. First, a temporary slowdown does not necessarily mean that an entire profession has disappeared. Hiring decisions are affected by economic conditions, company budgets, business confidence and seasonal requirements.
Second, candidates should continue improving their skills during slower periods. When hiring activity recovers, applicants who have strengthened their portfolios and professional profiles are better positioned to benefit.
Most Online Opportunities Were Concentrated in Three Cities
One of the clearest findings was the geographic concentration of online job advertisements.
Lahore accounted for approximately 31.5% of the cleaned job postings. Islamabad represented around 28.6%, while Karachi contributed approximately 25.5%.
Together, Lahore, Islamabad and Karachi accounted for about 85.6% of all advertisements in the analysis.
The difference between these three cities and the rest of Pakistan was substantial. Faisalabad, the fourth-largest city in the dataset, had 185 unique advertisements. Rawalpindi followed with 107.
When the top five cities were combined, they represented approximately 91% of the entire dataset.

Lahore, Islamabad and Karachi dominated the online employment market, accounting for more than 85% of the analyzed advertisements.
This does not necessarily mean that 85% of all jobs in Pakistan existed in these cities. The dataset represents online advertisements, and different industries use online recruitment platforms at different rates. Agriculture, local retail, construction, manufacturing, informal employment and small family businesses may recruit workers through referrals, local networks or physical advertisements rather than national job websites. These opportunities can therefore be underrepresented in online datasets.
Nevertheless, the concentration has serious implications. Young people living outside the three major employment centres may face fewer visible opportunities, greater relocation costs and less access to professional networks. A candidate in a smaller city may have suitable qualifications but still struggle because fewer employers advertise locally.
Remote and hybrid work could help reduce this gap. Employers that allow candidates to work from other cities can access a wider talent pool while giving qualified professionals an alternative to relocation.
For jobseekers, the finding also shows the importance of searching beyond a single city. Someone based in Rawalpindi, for example, may benefit from including Islamabad opportunities. Candidates who can relocate should clearly mention this in their applications, while those seeking remote work should build the communication, collaboration and self-management skills required for distributed teams.
Technology Was the Largest Source of Advertised Opportunities
Technology-related categories dominated the dataset. After similar department labels were combined, the largest category was Information Technology, with approximately 1,190 advertisements. Computer Software followed with 719, while Web and E-commerce contributed 489. Together, these three categories represented roughly 44% of the cleaned advertisements.

IT, computer software and web-related positions formed the largest group of online job advertisements.
This concentration is understandable. Technology companies are more likely to recruit online, and technology professionals are generally more comfortable using digital employment platforms. Software businesses may also advertise multiple specialized roles as they expand projects and teams.
However, the findings should not be interpreted as meaning that every candidate should become a programmer.
Customer service, sales and marketing also appeared prominently. The dataset contained approximately 413 customer-service advertisements, 373 sales advertisements and 345 marketing advertisements.
This creates a more balanced picture of the digital economy. Companies do not only need people who can build products. They also need people who can explain those products, sell them, support customers, develop business relationships and create demand. A successful software company may require developers, quality-assurance professionals and system administrators, but it may also require sales executives, customer-support representatives, digital marketers, content creators, accountants and human-resource professionals.
For students choosing a career, the key message is not simply that “technology has scope.” The more useful question is: Which role within the technology-enabled economy matches your strengths?
A person with strong interpersonal skills may succeed in software sales or customer success. Someone with creative ability may move into user-interface design, content marketing or social-media management. A candidate who enjoys analysis but not software development may explore business analysis, reporting or digital operations.
Entry-Level Opportunities Were More Common Than Many Candidates Expect
Experience requirements are one of the biggest concerns for fresh graduates.
The analysis found that the median minimum experience requirement was approximately one year. More than half of the advertisements with readable experience requirements asked for one year or less.
The notebook also created a broader fresh-graduate accessibility measure. It considered advertisements potentially accessible when they required little experience or used titles associated with internships, trainees, junior employees, assistants or associates.
Under this broader definition, approximately seven out of every ten advertisements were potentially accessible to fresh or junior-level applicants. This does not mean that 70% of the positions were guaranteed to hire someone with no experience. Job titles can be inconsistent, and employers may have additional expectations that are not clearly written.
However, it challenges the belief that almost every advertised position requires several years of professional experience.
Fresh graduates may sometimes reject themselves before the employer does. They see a long job description, do not match every requirement and decide not to apply. In reality, many job descriptions describe an ideal candidate rather than a strict checklist.
Candidates should still be honest about their abilities, but they should not assume that missing one secondary skill automatically makes them ineligible.
Internships, university projects, freelance assignments, volunteer work, certifications and personal projects can all help demonstrate ability. A graduate who has built a working website, analyzed a real dataset, managed a social-media campaign or contributed to an open-source project can present evidence of practical experience even without holding a previous full-time role.
Employers Wanted Commercial Skills as Well as Technical Skills
The skill analysis produced another important result: the most visible demand was not limited to programming.
Sales-related language appeared in approximately 17.9% of the analyzed advertisements, making it the most frequently detected skill area. Customer service appeared in about 9.2%.
Among technical skills, PHP appeared in approximately 7.3% of postings. Social media, SEO, business development and WordPress each appeared in roughly 4% of advertisements.
Other visible technology skills included Laravel, Android development, HTML, JavaScript, React, iOS development, CSS, SQL and .NET.
These results reflect the nature of Pakistan’s online economy during 2019–21. Businesses were building websites, e-commerce stores, mobile applications and digital-marketing operations. They required professionals who could create these systems, but they also required people who could bring in customers and support them.
The lesson for jobseekers is that individual skills become more valuable when combined into useful groups.
Knowing WordPress is helpful. Knowing WordPress together with basic SEO, website performance, content management and client communication is more valuable.
Knowing PHP is helpful. Combining PHP with Laravel, SQL, Git and front-end fundamentals creates a stronger professional profile. Similarly, someone entering digital marketing should not depend only on the ability to post on social media. Employers are more likely to value a candidate who can also understand content planning, SEO, advertising metrics, basic design and campaign reporting. Jobseekers should therefore build a skill stack, not simply collect unrelated course certificates.
What Jobseekers Can Learn From the Analysis
The first practical lesson is to choose a reasonably focused career direction. Applying for software development, sales, accounting, graphic design and human resources at the same time makes it difficult to create a convincing profile. Employers should be able to understand what type of problem a candidate can solve.
The second lesson is to study skill combinations within a target profession. Candidates should review multiple job descriptions and note which requirements repeatedly appear together. These recurring combinations can become a personal learning roadmap.
The third lesson is to demonstrate ability. A certificate shows that someone completed a course. A portfolio shows that the person can use the knowledge. Finally, jobseekers should consider location strategically. Candidates outside Lahore, Islamabad and Karachi may need to search for remote opportunities, target nearby employment centres or consider relocation where practical.
What Employers and Educational Institutions Can Learn
Employers can improve recruitment by writing clearer job descriptions. Many advertisements use vague titles, incomplete requirements or unrealistic combinations of skills. A clear description should explain the main responsibilities, essential skills, preferred skills, experience level, location and application process.
Companies should also separate mandatory requirements from skills that can be learned after joining. This can encourage capable junior candidates to apply and reduce unnecessary self-rejection. Universities and training providers should pay attention to the combination of technical and commercial demand. Teaching coding without communication, problem-solving and business awareness may leave graduates technically educated but professionally unprepared.
Similarly, business graduates can benefit from digital tools, analytics and basic technological understanding. Modern roles increasingly cross traditional departmental boundaries.
Important Limitations of the Findings
This analysis should be interpreted as a picture of Pakistan’s online job-advertising market between December 2019 and March 2021, not as a complete measurement of national employment.
The data does not include every employer or every vacancy. It may underrepresent informal employment and industries that recruit through local networks. A job advertisement also does not confirm that someone was hired. The dataset is historical, and employer demand has evolved since 2021. Skills such as cloud computing, artificial intelligence, data engineering, cybersecurity and remote collaboration may have different levels of demand today. The records were also almost entirely labeled as full-time positions. This likely reflects the source and collection process rather than proving that part-time, contract or freelance opportunities did not exist. Despite these limitations, the analysis remains valuable because it replaces general assumptions with observable patterns.
Explore the Complete Analysis
The full notebook contains additional information on job trends, cities, experience levels, role categories, employers, skills and job-description quality.
You can explore the complete study here:
View the Pakistan Jobs Market Analysis 2019–21 on Kaggle
At Pakistan Jobs Market, our goal is not only to share employment opportunities but also to help jobseekers better understand the market behind those opportunities.
The strongest message from this analysis is that Pakistan’s online job market was not defined by one profession or one skill. It was shaped by the interaction of technology, sales, marketing, customer service and business operations.
Candidates who understand these connections—and build practical combinations of skills around them—can make more informed career decisions and compete more effectively.